Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (CABG) is a surgical procedure used to treat coronary artery disease (CAD), a condition where the blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle become narrowed or blocked. This can lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, heart attack, or even death.

During CABG surgery, a surgeon creates new routes, or bypasses, for blood to flow to the heart muscle by using blood vessels taken from other parts of the body, typically the chest, leg, or arm. These bypasses enable blood to flow around the blocked or narrowed arteries, restoring proper blood flow to the heart muscle.

The procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia, and it involves opening the chest and temporarily stopping the heart while a heart-lung bypass machine maintains blood circulation throughout the body. The surgeon then attaches one end of the blood vessel graft above the blockage and the other end below it, effectively creating a detour for blood flow.

CABG surgery is often recommended for individuals with severe coronary artery disease who have not responded well to other treatments, such as medication or lifestyle changes. It can relieve symptoms, improve quality of life, and reduce the risk of heart attack and other complications associated with CAD.

While CABG surgery is generally safe, like any surgical procedure, it carries risks, including bleeding, infection, stroke, or heart rhythm problems. However, advancements in surgical techniques and postoperative care have significantly reduced the risks associated with this procedure.

After CABG surgery, patients typically stay in the hospital for a few days to a week to recover. Rehabilitation and lifestyle changes, such as diet modifications, regular exercise, and smoking cessation, are often recommended to promote healing and reduce the risk of future heart problems. Follow-up care with a healthcare provider is crucial to monitor progress and address any concerns or complications.