Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (CABG) is a surgical procedure used to treat coronary artery disease (CAD), a condition where the blood vessels that supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked. This narrowing or blockage, often due to a buildup of plaque (atherosclerosis) in the arteries, can restrict blood flow to the heart muscle, leading to symptoms such as chest pain (angina) or even a heart attack.

During CABG surgery, a surgeon creates new routes, or bypasses, for blood to flow to the heart muscle by using blood vessels taken from other parts of the body, typically the chest, leg, or arm. These bypass grafts enable blood to flow around the blocked or narrowed coronary arteries, restoring proper blood flow to the heart.

The procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia and involves opening the chest (sternotomy) to access the heart. The heart may be temporarily stopped, and blood circulation is maintained using a heart-lung bypass machine while the surgeon works on the heart. The bypass grafts are then attached above and below the blockages, creating a detour for blood flow.

CABG surgery is often recommended for individuals with significant blockages in multiple coronary arteries, those with severe symptoms despite medical therapy, or those at high risk for a heart attack. It can relieve symptoms, improve quality of life, and reduce the risk of future heart events.

After CABG surgery, patients typically stay in the hospital for several days to a week to recover. Rehabilitation and lifestyle changes, such as diet modifications, regular exercise, and smoking cessation, are often recommended to promote healing and reduce the risk of future heart problems. Follow-up care with a healthcare provider is crucial to monitor progress and address any concerns or complications.

CABG surgery has risks, including bleeding, infection, stroke, or heart rhythm problems, but advancements in surgical techniques and postoperative care have significantly reduced the risks associated with this procedure. It remains one of the most common and effective treatments for severe coronary artery disease.